Chapter 1 & 2

Digital Literacy

• ·  Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the Internet, and related technologies because technology changes, you must keep up with the changes to remain digitally literate.

Computers

·         Computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory

·         Computer have three process:

1. Input

2. Processing

3. Output

·         Examples of computers:

1. Laptop

2. Tablet

3. Desktop

4. Server

Mobile and Game Devices

           Smartphone

           Digital camera

           Portable media player

           E-book reader  

    Game console

Data and Information

·         Data is an input to computer for process and the input device is contains keys sensor you press or sensor to enter data and instructions

Example for input device is desktop keyboard, laptop keyboard, mouse, touchpad, scanner and microphone.

·         Storage and Processes is memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and the data needed by those instructions. Storage device is an electronic device that can store memory.

Example for storage device is CD, DVD, SSD, Hard disk, USB flash drive and memory card.

·         Information is an output that give you what computer process and the output device is any hardware component that conveys information

Example for output device is printer, display, speaker, and headphone.

The Internet

·         Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

·         World Wide Web (WWW) is a global library information that available to anyone to connect to the internet

·         Webpage is that consists worldwide collection of electronic document

·         Website is a collection of related webpage

·         Web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer

·         Browser is a software that enable user to connect to access and view webpage

Example for browser is Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Safari

·       Search engine a program that searches for and identifies items in a database that correspond to keywords or characters specified by the user, used especially for finding particular sites on the World Wide Web.

Example Google, Yahoo, Bing and MSN

·         A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is an online platform that people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.

Example for online social network is Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Tumblr

Digital Safety and Security

·       This issue relates to a person's well-being and safety online, technically meaning on the computer and on the internet. This is for protect their computer from virus, malware , health concerns , privacy and environment issues

·         Green computing is the environmentally responsible and eco-friendly use of computers and their resources. In broader terms, it is also defined as the study of designing, engineering, manufacturing, using and disposing of computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental impact .Strategies include recycling, using energy efficient hardware and energy saving features, regulating manufacturing processes, extending the life of computers and immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

Programs and Apps

·         Software is the programs and other operating information used by a computer .Software divided by two:

1. System Software

Ø  Operating system like Windows ,Mac OS and Linux

Ø  Utility program like antivirus and firewall

2. Application Software

Ø  Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Power Point

·         Installing is the process to setting up software to work and once installed, it can run an application to interact with it by the program user interface

Communications and Networks

·     Communications device is hardware capable of transferring items one to another

·     Wireless communication, or sometimes simply wireless, is the transfer of information or power between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor. The most common wireless technologies use radio waves. For an example is Wi-Fi ,Bluetooth and Cellular radio

·  Network is collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media

Technology in Society

·         Uses of technology in society:

1.      Education

2.      Government

3.      Finance

4.      Retail

5.      Entertainment

6.      Health Care

7.      Travel

8.      Science

9.      Publishing

10.    Manufacturing

·         Technology Users:

1. Home user

2. Home office user

3. Mobile user

4. Power user

5. Enterprise user

The Internet

·         The internet is the biggest world-wide communication network of computers. It has millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry many different kinds of information. The term is sometimes abbreviated as "the net". The World Wide Web is one of its biggest services.

The Evolution of Internet

·         The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969

·         It had two main goals:

1.  To allow scientist at different physical locations to share information

2.  It function even if part the network were disabled or destroyed

Connecting to the Internet

·         It can connect to the by wired connections and wireless

Wired	Wireless
Cable internet service	Wi-Fi
DSL(digital subscriber line)	Mobile broadband
Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)	Satellite Internet Service

·         Cyber café is a location that provides computers with internet access and usually for a fee

·         Hot spot is a wireless network that give internet connections

·         ISP (Internet service provider) is a business that provides individuals and organizations access for free or a fee

·         Bandwidth represents the amount of data that travels over a network

·         IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet

·         Domain name is a text-based name that corresponds to the IP address

·         DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address

·         A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet

Examples:

.com for commercial organizations, businesses and companies

.edu for educational institutions

.org for non-profit organizations

Media on the Web

·         Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with:

1.  Graphics

2.  Animation

3.  Audio

4.  Video

·         Graphic is a digital representation of nontext information

Example for graphic formats:

1.  BMP

2.  GIF

3.  JPEG

4.  PNG

·         Infographic is a visual representation of data and information, designed to communicate quickly

·         Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence

·         Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

Other Internet Services

·         Email is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network

·         Email program allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete email messages

·         Email list is a group of email addresses used for mass distribution of a message

·         Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service

·         Chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer or mobile device

·         Chat room is a website or application that permits users to chat with others who are online at the same time

·         Discussion forum is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject

·         VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet

·         FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading to and from other computers on the internet